Uburyo bwo kuvura ibiti

Icyifuzo ni icyiciro cya tekiniki cyibiti birwanya ibumba, kandi bifitanye isano nuburyo bwo kurwanya ibiti, ibiti birwanya ibishishwa no kubikoresha.Uburyo bwo kurwanya mildew kubiti butangwa niki gisubizo bukubiyemo intambwe zikurikira: gukora ubushyuhe buke ku biti kugirango ubone ibiti bivura ubushyuhe buke;ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe buke ni -30-70 ° C;gukora ubuvuzi buciriritse ku biti byo hasi-bitunganijwe kugirango ubone ubuvuzi bwa kabiri Igiti;kuzenguruka kuvura ubushyuhe buke no kuvura ubushyuhe buringaniye byibuze kabiri kugirango ubone inkwi zidafite uburwayi;ukuzenguruka gutangirira kubushyuhe buke.Ivumburwa ryangiza urukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima rw'ibiti binyuze mu kuvura ubushyuhe buke, ku buryo intungamubiri ziri mu ngirabuzimafatizo zisohoka;hifashishijwe uburyo bwinshi bwo hasi yubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hagati ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, isoko yintungamubiri zisabwa kugirango imikurire ya bagiteri ikurweho, kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara yibiti buratera imbere.Uburyo bwo kurwanya mildew kubiti butangwa niyi gahunda bugumana ibara nuburyo bwigiti ubwacyo kandi bifite ibidukikije byiza.

Intangiriro yibiti:

Ibiti bishya byasaruwe byoroshye kubumba niba nta ngamba zikwiye zo kurinda zafashwe mugihe cyo gutwara no guhunika, gutunganya no gukoresha, ibyo ntibigire ingaruka gusa ku bwiza bw’imiterere kandi bigabanya agaciro k’ubukungu, ahubwo binashyiraho uburyo bwo gutera ibindi bihumyo.Ibihumyo biri muri mikorobe byanduza cyane ibiti hejuru yinkwi kandi bigira ingaruka nke kuburemere n'imbaraga z'inkwi.Ibibumbano bikunze kugaragara ku giti hamwe n’ibindi bihumyo, bigatuma bigora gutandukanya ibibyimba no kubora no guhumeka.Ariko kubera ko inkuba yibihumyo byororoka vuba, akenshi bidindiza imikurire yandi mabi.Inkuba yibasiye inkwi cyane cyane ikurura isukari hamwe na krahisi mu biti nk'isoko y'ibiryo, bitasenye urukuta rw'akagari kandi nta ngaruka bigira ku mbaraga z'ibiti, ariko birashobora kongera ubwikorezi bw'inkwi.Ibibumbano bishobora gutera ibiti gukora ibara ryamabara atandukanye, kandi bigakora imvi, icyatsi, umutuku-umuhondo, ubururu-icyatsi nizindi mbuto zibara amabara hejuru yinkwi.Impamvu ituma utwo duhumyo dushobora gutera ibibara ni uko intanga ngabo cyangwa hyphae zegeranya hejuru yinkwi, cyangwa inkwi zandujwe nibicuruzwa bya metabolism.Ibi bibara byumuhondo, umutuku, icyatsi nicyijimye cyijimye byijimye cyane bifatanye hejuru yinkwi., mubisanzwe birashobora gukurwaho na blach, guswera insinga cyangwa gushira nyuma yo gukama, ariko ifumbire ikura igihe kirekire, ikizinga kizinjira mumibabi yimbaho, bikaviramo kwangirika kumiterere yibiti kandi bikagabanya imbaraga zinkwi .

Indwara yibiti iterwa na microscopique fungi, yangiza ibiti nibiti, kandi mubihe bikomeye bitera igihombo kinini mubukungu.Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya pani, firimu, ibikoresho byo mu nzu n’ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu biti mu gihugu cyanjye bifite imbogamizi ku mabara y’ubururu na mildew, kandi ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bisaba Stricter, mildew ntabwo byemewe.Ibihugu by’amahanga byita cyane ku kurwanya ubururu no kurwanya indwara.igihugu cyanjye kandi cyita cyane kubirwanya kurwanya ubururu no kurwanya indwara ya rubber, imigano nibicuruzwa bimwe byoherezwa mu mahanga..Hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga yo kurengera amashyamba, kurushaho guteza imbere no gukoresha ibiti by’ibihingwa n’imigano, hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’isoko ry’ibiti ryatewe no kwinjira muri WTO, ibiti birwanya ubururu hamwe n’ingamba zo kurwanya indwara bizarushaho kuba ingenzi.Gutangaza no gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu CBT18621-2013 “Uburyo bwo Kugerageza Kugenzura Ingaruka Zo Kurwanya Imiti ya Antifungal kuri Wood Mold na Discoloration Fungus” byatanze imbaraga zo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imiti mishya igabanya ubukana ku bantu.Gusa bigaragara cyane cluster ya spore, ube umukara, nayo ifite icyatsi kibisi: kuba umukara wumukara hejuru yibiti bigari.Ibishushanyo byinshi bikura cyane iyo ugereranije nubushuhe bwikirere buri hejuru ya 90%.

Ibibumbano bimwe bishobora kugaragara ku giti gifite ubuhehere bwa 20%, bityo ibiti byimbaho ​​birwanya ibihe bibi kuruta ibihumyo bibora.Kurwanya imiti yibibumbano nabyo birarenze ibyo kubora ibihumyo.Kurugero, pinusi ivura imiti igabanya ubukana (Pinus spp.) Irashobora gukumira no kugenzura ibihumyo byinshi bibora, ariko ntibishobora gusa gukumira imikurire myinshi, ariko birashobora no gutuma imikurire ikura.Ibishushanyo byinshi nabyo birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.Ingaruka yibibumbano kuri microstructure yinshinge nibiti binini byamababi ya pinusi bisa nibihumyo.Mugihe gikwiye, irashobora kandi gutera ibiti byoroshye kubora nka fungus.Ibishushanyo bimwe byangiritse gato kurukuta rwibiti.Ibihumyo bibara kandi bigira ibara cyane bifata polysaccharide mungirangingo zinkwi, kandi hyphae ikunze kugaragara muri selile nyinshi za parenchyma.Kwinjira kwa hyphae ahanini binyuze mu cyuho cya fibre.

Inhibitor yibiti:

Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibiti no guhindura ibara hamwe hamwe byitwa ibiti byangiza ibiti.Fenologi ya Halogene hamwe nu munyu wa sodiumi (nka pentachlorophenol na sodium pentachlorophenate nizo fungiside zikoreshwa cyane mu myaka mike ishize. Kuva kanseri yaboneka muri pentachlorophenol, ibihugu byinshi (uturere) byabujije burundu cyangwa bigabanya ikoreshwa rya antifungali ya halofenol mu biti duhura n'umubiri w'umuntu, kandi twihaye ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imiti igabanya ubukana bwa antifungal, iyode kama (IPBC), chlorothalonil (chlorothalonil), umunyu wa amonium wa kane (DDAC, BAC), triazoles, Quinoline (CU-8) , naphthenate (umuringa naphthenate) anti-mildew hamwe nubururu bwerekana ubururu bwerekana ko akenshi hariho intera nini hagati y ibisubizo byibizamini byuburozi bwo mu nzu hamwe nibisabwa bifatika, kandi ibizamini byo murwego bigomba gukorwa kugirango berekane ibiti birwanya fungal Hariho ubwoko bwinshi yibibumbano, kandi kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge birahinduka cyane; kurwanya imiti yibibumbano akenshi biba bikomeye kuruta ibya bagiteri zifite amabara; kwibumbira hamwe n’imiti y’amazi yo gukumira no kuvura ibara ry'ubururu hamwe n’ibiti by’ibiti bitandukanye mu turere dutandukanye ntibishobora kuba neza. kimwe.Mu rwego rwo kwagura imikorere yagutse yimiti igabanya ubukana Igitsina, kunoza ingaruka ziterwa na bagiteri, yanakoze ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imiti myinshi igabanya ubukana mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo.

Intangiriro kuburyo butandukanye bwo kwirinda inkwi:

Nk’uko byatangajwe na David wo muri gzzxsc, uruganda rukora imiti igabanya ubukana, uburyo bwo kuvura ibiti bwangiza ibiti bushobora kuvurwa no gukama, fumasi ya sulfuru, gutera imiti igabanya ubukana, imiti igabanya ubukana ivanze n’amazi, hamwe na antifungal ivanze n’amazi.Igiti gifite anti-mildew irwanya isuri yinkwi kubumba.Buri ruganda rutunganya ibiti, uruganda rukora ibikoresho cyangwa uruganda rukora ubukorikori rushobora guhitamo uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura indwara ya mildew ukurikije uko uruganda rwifashe.

1. Uburyo bwo kumisha kugirango wirinde ibiti:

Ibiti byumye, kandi ibikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa mugutunganya ibiti.Icyumba gisanzwe cyubatswe (itanura) bivuga gukoresha ibyumba byo kumisha ibiti (itanura) kubiti byumye.Irashobora kugenzura muburyo bwo gukama kugirango yumishe inkwi, byitwa gukama ibyumba cyangwa kumisha itanura.Kugeza ubu, mu musaruro wo kumisha inkwi mu gihugu no mu mahanga, kumisha ibyumba bisanzwe bingana na 85% -90% by’umusaruro wumye.Inkomoko yubushyuhe ikoreshwa ni icyuma gishyushya, gikenera kuba gifite icyuka.Ubu buryo buhenze.Nubwo ishobora kugabanya ubuhehere, ntishobora gukemura ikibazo.Kurugero, ibidukikije bibitswemo ibiti bifite ubuhehere bwinshi, kandi inkwi zizongera gukuramo ubuhehere, bizongera ubushuhe bwibiti kandi bitere kubumba.Ubu buryo bwo gukumira ibiti bikwiranye no kubika igihe gito kubika ibiti cyangwa kubika ibihe hamwe nubushuhe buke nubushyuhe.

2. Uburyo bwo guhumeka bwa sufuru kugirango wirinde ibiti:

Mu ntangiriro, fumigasi ya sulfuru yakoreshwaga mu gukumira indwara yangirika, kwangirika n’udukoko mu biti, kandi ibiti by’ibiti byasabwaga kuba hejuru ya 5%.Amazi ya sufuru ni uko imyuka ya sulfure hamwe n’umwuka w’amazi bishobora kugira icyo bikora kugira ngo habeho dioxyde de sulfure, yinjizwa mu mbaho ​​z’ibiti munsi y’umuvuduko usanzwe mu minota 25.Amashanyarazi ya sulferi azakora dioxyde de sulfure, izarenga cyane ibisanzwe.Muri icyo gihe, sulfure irimo ibyuma biremereye nka gurş na mercure, na byo bizatera uburozi bwangiza cyangwa uburozi bwa mercure ku mubiri w'umuntu.Bitewe nibisabwa kurengera ibidukikije, ubu buryo bwo kwirinda ibiti ntibusabwa.

3. Uburyo bwo gusasa kugirango wirinde inkwi:

Ubu buryo burakwiriye kuvura imigano nimbaho.nibindi. kuvurwa.Ku ruganda rw'imigano n'ibiti, hashobora gushyirwaho umurongo w'iteraniro, kandi ibikoresho byo gutera imiti byangiza antifungal birashobora gushyirwaho kumurongo.Iyo imashini yunvise ko isahani irengana, nozzle izahita itera imiti igabanya ubukana kugirango isahani, kandi ibikoresho byo kumisha birashobora kongerwaho kumpera yinyuma kugirango byume.Ubu buryo burashobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ryumurimo nubuvuzi.Niba igipimo ari gito cyangwa ntibyoroshye gushiraho agasanduku ka spray, urashobora gukoresha mu buryo butaziguye spray kugirango utere neza hejuru yikibaho cyangwa ukoreshe mope isukuye yinjijwe muri agent kugirango uhanagure ku kibaho.

4. Uburyo bwo gushira kugirango wirinde ibiti:

Kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka zo kurwanya udukoko n’udukoko twangiza imigano, ibiti, rattan, ibyatsi n’ibicuruzwa byabo nyuma yo kuvurwa, shyira inkwi hamwe n’ibiti birwanya imiti, hamwe nuburemere bwimigano, ibiti, rattan, n'ibyatsi bigomba kwiyongera 15% -20% (iminota 5-10).Icyitonderwa: Amazi yo koga ategurwa ukurikije igipimo cya 1:20 (5Kg antifungal agent: 100Kg amazi).Imigano, ibiti, rattan, ibyatsi nibicuruzwa byabo byose byinjijwe mumiti yateguwe (ntugaragaze hejuru y’amazi), kandi nyuma yo kugera ku buremere bwa 15% -20%, ongera cyangwa ugabanye igihe cyo gushiramo no kongera ibiro ukurikije kugeza ubuhehere bwumye bwibiti by'imigano, hanyuma ukuramo ibitonyanga Imiti yumye yumye, yumishijwe n'umwuka cyangwa izuba ryumye hanyuma ubishyira mububiko.Kuvura ibiti binini binini bisaba kubaka pisine, byoroshye gukoresha.

5. Uburyo bwa Vacuum uburyo bwo gukumira ibiti:

Uburyo nugushira inkwi mukibindi cya vacuum, hanyuma ugahumeka umwuka mumyanya yinkwi kugirango ube umuvuduko mubi.Suka ibiti bya antifungal agent mubikoresho muri vacuum, kandi itandukaniro ryumuvuduko hagati yimbere ninyuma ya selile bizatuma amazi yinjira mubiti.Uburyo bwa vacuum bufite ingaruka nziza zo kuvura kandi ibikoresho biroroshye.Mubisanzwe, irashobora gushyirwaho no gukoreshwa kumurongo munini wa pavilion ya kera, ingendo, hamwe nahantu ho kubungabunga.Ongera umuvuduko runaka mubintu bidasanzwe byumuyaga, hanyuma utere imiti igabanya ubukana mumyanda ya fibre.Ingaruka zo kuvura igitutu nibyiza kuruta ubundi buryo.Imiti igabanya ubukana yinjira cyane kandi ikwirakwiza neza.Umusaruro w’inganda, umusaruro mwinshi, byoroshye kugera ku kugenzura ubuziranenge, muri rusange bikoreshwa mu kurwanya imiti no kurwanya ruswa bivura imigano n’ibiti bifite ubucucike bwinshi kandi bigoye kwinjira mu miti.Kugirango hamenyekane ubwiza bwibiti bivuwe mumishinga minini kandi yibanda cyane kubikorwa byo kubungabunga pavilion ya kera na prenade, ibigega bito bivura igitutu nabyo birashobora gushyirwaho mugihe bikenewe.